Soil and Water Pollution - Concepts and Theory
Course content
Review of the biogeochemistry of soils and natural waters critical for pollutant fate and effects. Environmental microbiology: microbial community theory, terrestrial and aquatic microbial lifestyles emphasizing microbial degrader populations. Reviews of concepts used for characterization of abiotic and microbial status of soils and natural waters.
Overview of priority pollutants including heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, natural toxins, solvents, detergents, antibiotic-resistant genes, and microbial pathogens in soil and aqueous environments, with emphasis on their sources, physical-chemical, and microbiological properties. The main part of the course focus on application of chemical and microbial principles to study and quantify pollutant mobility, bioavailability and fate. This includes solubility/precipitation, speciation of metal ions, and pollutant binding and partitioning to soil and sediments (mineral surfaces, humic matter), and living media (bioconcentration, biomagnification). Pollutant degradation and transformation is treated both seen from a chemical and microbial perspective. Chemical degradation includes hydrolysis, photolysis, and oxidation/reduction processes. As we are working with soils and sediments, the role of particle surfaces for pollutant transformations is important and given a clear focus. For microbial degradation of organic pollutants we look at microbial/enzymatic degradation and mineralization pathways, metabolite formation, and transformation kinetics. Biodegradation and toxicity, microbe-metal interactions, metal toxicity and resistance as well as xenogenetic pollutants and antibiotic resistance will be introduced.
Introduction of small computer models for QSAR estimation of organic pollutant properties (EpiWin), and for computing speciation and binding (Visual MINTEQ) (requires windows platform). Theory is exemplified with cases and supported by real-life examples.
The course includes a short introduction to soil and water remediation (cleaning), usually with an excursion for demonstration of examples of cleanup.
Outlook: Emerging pollutants, genes and microorganisms
MSc Programme in Environmental Science
MSc Programme in Nature Management
The objectives of the course are to comprehend and to study how: i) soils and natural waters function and are affected by pollution, ii) soils function as “filters” for natural attenuation of pollutants, iii) pollutants bind and transform, iv) how we quantify the chemical and microbial processes, and their impact, and v) how basic insight can be used for soil and water remediation.
After completion you should be able to:
Knowledge:
- Classify and provide overview of main pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems, and to present knowledge on the relationships between land use, soil and water quality
- Describe how microbes interact with soils and how this affect pollutant degradation
- Describe key properties and processes of pollutants critical for sorption, abiotic and microbial degradation, bioavailability and biomagnification in terrestrial systems
- Classify and summarize the molecular mechanisms controlling pollutant degradation, transformation and bonding in soils and water
- Acquire knowledge on the methods available for predicting the fate of chemical substances in soil and aquatic environments
- Describe analytical procedures and monitoring strategies for pollutants in terrestrial systems
Skills:
- Retrieve and critical examine environmental chemical data
- Apply and demonstrate the use of general principles from chemistry and microbiology for quantification and evaluation of pollutant fate and distribution
- Estimate chemical and physical properties of pollutants and pollutant fate in terrestrial ecosystems
- Suggest methods and approaches used for assessing microbe-pollutant interactions
- Critically report on pollutant fate and remediation in terrestrial and aquatic environments
Competences:
- Combine data and information from different sources in calculus, prediction and evaluation of pollutant mass balances, fate and effects in soils and aquatic systems
- Judge the relative importance of various sorption and transformation processes for the overall distribution and fate of chemical substances in soil and aquatic environments
- Diagnose the processes critical for the fate of any pollutant, and critical select tools for analysis and evaluation
- Discuss and assess the complexity of how land use affect soil and water quality
- Collaborate with fellow students on problem solving and reporting critical pollutant assessments
- Point to new directions and aspects of emerging pollutants
- Suggest strategies, methods and innovative thinking for environmental remediation of contaminated soils and waters drawing on insight with pollutant properties and natural settings
Lectures, theoretical exercises incl. use of computer computations, and small project work. One full day excursion comprising examples of soil and water pollution, remediation, and monitoring. Lectures to provide overview and highlight main topics. Emphasis on computational exercises to train the chemical and microbial principles and models taught. Computer exercises comprise QSAR computation of pollutant properties, and equilibrium speciation. Project work focus on training the tools studied and application of these to particular soil and water contaminants. The projects draw on the general insight in chemical, and microbial processes presented in the course. Each project is developed by groups (3 – 5) of students and it is presented as a written report. Each group of students also present a colloquium based on a key journal paper; for the colloquia students play the role as teachers.
The full curriculum can be found at Absalon. Examples of literature used for course:
Hansen, H.C.B. (ed)(2015) Soil Pollution: Biogeochemistry and Modelling - including theoretical exercises. Lecture notes.
Schwarzenbach, R.P. et al. (2017) Environmental Organic Chemistry, 3rd Ed., Wiley, different chapters. Found a e-book on KUB.
Maier, R.M. et al. (2014) Environmental Microbiology, 3rd Ed., Ch. 1-3 (brush-up reading), 4, 6, 15-20 and 31. Also to be used (other chapters) on follow-up course in Block 2.
Handout notes and journal papers.
Software for speciation analysis (Visual MINTEQ) - freeware
Software for QSAR estimation of pollutant properties (EpiWin) - freeware
Excursion material
The course builds on basic chemical principles corresponding to
the level of 1st year university chemistry. Basic physical
chemistry is applied for solving problems in environmental
chemistry and hence basic understanding of thermodynamics and
kinetics is an advantage. Similarly, the course builds on basic
principles in biology and microbiology. The course assumes a basic
understanding of structure, composition and properties of soils and
natural waters. We recommend the following background:
- Basic university course in general chemistry
- Course on soil or geochemistry, e.g. "Soil, Water and
Plants" (UCPH)
- Basic university course in Microbiology
For students who miss one or more of these prerequisites we suggest
to read up on these disciplines. We also offer short brush-up
lectures incl. reading/training in chemistry the last week of
August
Academic qualifications equivalent to a BSc degree is
recommended.
This the course for those students who:
- are interested in applying chemistry and microbiology to
pollutant fate in soils, sediments and natural waters
- need an overview of contaminants in soils and water, their souces
and the threats
- seeks understanding of contaminant chemical and microbial
reactions and impacts in terrestrial systems
- would like hands on and experience with computational approaches
- seeks to learn state-of-the art tools that can quantify pollutant
formulation, bonding, and degradation, and who would like to use
this insight for remediation
- want to work with environmental remediation (cleanup) in future
job functions and hence need to understand underlying principles of
remediation actions
- like to work in a class of international students
- ECTS
- 7,5 ECTS
- Type of assessment
-
On-site written exam, 4 h under invigilationWritten assignment
- Type of assessment details
- Exam comprise student-driven colloquium (20 %), project report (20 %) and a written exam (60 %). The colloquium and the project report is produced as part of a student group work.
- Exam registration requirements
-
Participated in a student-driven colloquium and hand-in of project report.
- Aid
- All aids allowed
- Marking scale
- 7-point grading scale
- Censorship form
- No external censorship
One internal examinator
- Re-exam
-
If 10 or fewer registered for the reexamination the examination form will be oral.
An individual assingment is handed in 2 weeks before re-exam if the requirements are not met.
Criteria for exam assessment
See learning outcome
Single subject courses (day)
- Category
- Hours
- Lectures
- 45
- Preparation
- 70
- Theory exercises
- 45
- Excursions
- 8
- Project work
- 34
- Exam
- 4
- English
- 206
Kursusinformation
- Language
- English
- Course number
- NPLK14021U
- ECTS
- 7,5 ECTS
- Programme level
- Full Degree Master
- Duration
-
1 block
- Placement
- Block 1
- Schedulegroup
-
C
- Capacity
- 40
The number of places might be reduced if you register in the late-registration period (BSc and MSc) or as a credit or single subject student. - Studyboard
- Study Board of Natural Resources, Environment and Animal Science
Contracting department
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Contracting faculty
- Faculty of Science
Course Coordinator
- Hans Chr. Bruun Hansen (4-706970694878746d7636737d366c73)
Teacher
Hans Christian Bruun Hansen
Kristian Kofoed Brandt
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