Veterinary Imaging
Course content
The course comprises the following elements in veterinary diagnostic imaging:
Radiographic anatomy/ Topographic anatomy:·
· The common anatomical features within various body regions
including the head, neck, thoracic and pelvic limbs, the thorax and
abdomen, that are of relevant for the interpretation of
diagnostic images produced by the range of modern imaging
modalities. Special focus will be put on images from the dog, cat
and from the limbs of the horse.
Radiation safety and radiation biology
· The nature of x-rays as an ionizing radiation and
their effect on biological tissue. The relation
between tissue dose and biological effect. Work related
exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation as a result of imaging
and therapeutic uses of these radiations. Dose limits and the
“ALARA” (As Low As Reasonable Achievable) principal.
· The appropriate radiation safety steps, with practical examples
relating to work practice and work place infrastructure, based on
Danish legislation in this area.
Basics of conventional radiographic imaging
· Production of x-rays
· The x-ray spectrum including manipulation of the spectrum
of x-rays emitted from diagnostic x-ray tubes and interaction of
x-rays with matter
· Compton and photoelectric effects
· Concepts of radiographic density
· Causes of poor image contrast with emphasis on scattered
radiation
· Image sharpness
· Radiographic image detectors
· Positioning and technical aspects relating to correct positioning
and exposure for standard views of the skeleton, thorax and abdomen
in veterinary species
· Systematic interpretation of radiographic images
· The use of appropriate radiographic terminology
Basics of ultrasound imaging
· Nature of ultrasound beams
· Effect of insonation frequency on image quality
· Physical basis for tissue echogenicity
· Brightness mode imaging
· Doppler imaging
· Concept of cross sectional imaging
· Ultrasound machine settings and image optimisation
· Image acquisition and recognition of major abdominal organs
MRI, CT, and nuclear medicine and the physical basis of
the various modalities:
Examples of clinical applications of Computer tomography:
· Cross sectional and planar reconstruction
· The CT number, linear attenuation coefficients for x-rays and the
Hounsfield Unit
· Digital image windowing, window width and centre/leveling
Examples of clinical applications of Nuclear medicine:
· Scintigraphy
· Radioisotopes with emphasis on 99Tcm
· Radiopharmaceuticals
Examples of clinical applications Magnetic Resonance
Imaging:
· Hydrogen as a magnetic dipole
· Magnetic gradients
· Radiofrequency coils
· Basis of image generation
MSc Programme in Veterinary Medicine - compulsory
Knowledge
· Identify and name relevant normal and abnormal anatomical
structures on images produced by different imaging modalities.
· Be able to comment on the suitability of various imaging
modalities in response to selected clinical scenarios.
· Be able to comment on the risk associated with radiographic
practice and relate them to commonly encountered, non-radiological
risks.
· Identify features indicating correct patient restraint,
positioning, beam collimation and centering in standard
radiographic views, and comment on digital image or film processing
as appropriate.
· Recognise images produced by radiography, ultrasound,
scintigraphy, CT, MRI.
Skills
· Produce a selection of common radiographic projections in a safe
manner from canine, feline and equine patients.
· List the radiographic changes that are commonly encountered in
common diseases in dogs, cats and horses.
· Identify normal and abnormal radiographic findings on
radiographic images in selected cases commonly encountered in
veterinary practice.
· Use appropriate digital software for digital imaging
· Recognize and find normal abdominal organs commonly
encountered in ultrasound examinations.
· Perform a standard radiographical examination.
· Demonstrate a methodical approch to image evaluation of
radiographs, and ultrasound.
· Choose the appropriate imaging modality for common clinical
presentations.
Competencies
· Speculate on and discuss the changes one might expect to
encounter given various disease scenarios.
· Behave in accordance with the current legislation (Law number 23
of January 15th 2018, Bekendtgørelse nr 669 af 01/07/2019, nr
670 af 01/07/2019, Bekendtgørelse nr 671 af 01/07/2019).
The course runs over 5 weeks. In the first week (the
introduction module) all students are introduced to different
disciplines within veterinary imaging (theoretical lectures). In
the following 2 x 4 weeks students are split in 2 large groups
rotating between 4 weeks on the Veterinary Imaging course and 4
weeks on the other course in the block.
The veterinary imaging rotation (the 4 weeks rotation) consists of
a theoretical practical module including interpretation paradigms
and radiographic anatomy, a practical module concerning appropriate
radiographic technique and exercises in ultrasonography and finally
a clinical case module including interpretation of small and large
animal radiology, CT and MRI.
The teaching is comprised of lectures, seminars, group work,
e-learning, as well as individual obligatory practical exercises
and tests that must be approved in order to obtain the course
certificate. Supervised work including e-learning and guided cases
in order to facilitate the students’ learning of the methodology
and principles of diagnostic imaging.
Theoretical module / Introduction week: 5 sessions 13.00 – 17.00,
Friday also 9-12:30.
- Monday: Introduction and Radiation safety and radiobiology
- Tuesday: Radiographic anatomy
- Wednesday: Basic radiology, principles of diagnostic imaging
- Friday: Diagnostic imaging physics - Main focus on radiography
and ultrasonography
Practical modules: 4 weeks 08.30 to 14.30 or 9.00-15.00
- Theoretical/practical module: 6 days of lectures/exercises
covering radiographic anatomy, companion animal and equine imaging.
- Practical module: 6 days of clinical exercises of basic
radiography and ultrasound including radiation safety and
radiobiology in companion animals and horses.
- Case module: 5 days of case interpretation including small and
large animal radiology, CT and MRI.
Evaluation model: Survey-based model
Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology 7. ed. 2018 (Editor: Thrall) ISBN 9780323482479·
Chapter 4 in Small Animal Ultrasound by Nyland og Mattoon, 3rd edition (2015)
Lecture notes and compendia available on Absalon.
Law number 23 of January 15th 2018, Lov om ioniserende stråling og strålebeskyttelse (strålebeskyttelsesloven)
Bekendtgørelse nr 669 af 01/07/2019, Bekendtgørelse om ioniserende stråling og strålebeskyttelse
Bekendtgørelse nr 670 af 01/07/2019, Bekendtgørelse om brug af radioaktive stoffer
Bekendtgørelse nr 671 af 01/07/2019 Bekendtgørelse om brug af strålingsgeneratorer
Strålehygiejne ved røntgenundersøgelse af dyr. Sundhedsstyrelsen, 2002. (available at the Absalon site)
Veterinær brug af transportabelt røntgenapparater, Sundhedsstyrelsen 2016 (available at the Absalon site)
Approved course certificate of course Medicin, kirurgi og reproduktion - mindre husdyr and SVEK13005U Medicin, kirurgi og reproduktion - store husdyr SVEK13004U.
This course is not available for credit transfer students and other external students.
- ECTS
- 7,5 ECTS
- Type of assessment
-
Continuous assessment, 4 x 1 hourPractical oral examination, 15 minutes
- Type of assessment details
- 4 hours exam. Questions cover radiation safety and
radiobiology, radiology (X-ray) imaging, ultrasound, CT, MRI and
scintigraphy. Questions on all modalities evaluate an understanding
of the underlying imaging principles and on radiology and
ultrasound imaging will test understanding and skills required to
evaluate clinical images in small and large animals.
The examination will take the form of assignments that run throughout the course. The assignments may include multiple choice questions, short answer questions or short essay questions and peer-reviewed activities. The practical part includes an OSCE-based radiographic task. - Exam registration requirements
-
Students have to participate actively in at least 80% of the practical course, defined as 80% attendance in each module.
During the course students must show that they are able to satisfactorily perform practical clinical tasks regarding radiation safety, normal radiographic practise and the use of other imaging modalities.
Students have to participate actively in the course. This includes submission and peer-review of assignments as required. They must perform acceptably during the obligatory practical exercises and tests in order to obtain a course certificate of approval.
- Aid
- Only certain aids allowed
Reference materials appropriate to the exam format will be allowed. This will range from no material allowed for the practical to all material alowed for some of the other assignment formats. Students will be informed during the course prior to the specific assignments.
- Marking scale
- passed/not passed
- Censorship form
- No external censorship
No censorship. One examiner.
Criteria for exam assessment
To pass the running examinations during the course including the online examination the student shall demonstrate, at an adequate level:
Knowledge
· Identity and name relevant normal and abnormal anatomical
structures on images produced by different imaging modalities.
· Comment on the risk associated with radiographic practice and
relate them to commonly encountered, non-radiological risks.
· Identify features indicating correct patient restraint,
positioning, beam collimation and focusing in standard radiographic
views, and comment on digital image or film processing as
appropriate.
· Recognise images produced by each of the methods, scintigraphy,
CT, MRI.
Skills
· Be able to produce a selection of common radiographic projections
in a safe manner from canine, feline and equine patients.
· Demonstrate a methodical approch to image evaluation of
radiographs, CT and ultrasound.
· Choose the appropriate imaging modality for common clinical
presentations.
Competencies
· Behave in accordance with current Danish legislation
(currently Law number 23 of January 15th 2018, Lov om
ioniserende stråling og strålebeskyttelse
(strålebeskyttelsesloven), Bekendtgørelse nr 669 af
01/07/2019, nr 670 af 01/07/2019, Bekendtgørelse nr 671
af 01/07/2019)
· Perform a standard radiological examination.
· Choose the appropriate imaging modality for common clinical
presentations.
- Category
- Hours
- Lectures
- 14
- Preparation
- 78
- Theory exercises
- 5
- Practical exercises
- 60
- E-Learning
- 27
- Project work
- 18
- Exam
- 4
- English
- 206
Kursusinformation
- Language
- English
- Course number
- SVEK13043U
- ECTS
- 7,5 ECTS
- Programme level
- Full Degree Master
- Duration
-
1 block
1 block duration: The course runs over the first week of the block (an introductory week) followed by 4 weeks from either weeks 2-5 or 6-9 of the block. - Placement
- Block 3, Block 4, Block 1 And Block 2
Block 3
Week Structure: Outside schedule, Year 1
Block 4
Week Structure: Outside schedule, Year 1
Block 1
Week Structure: Outside schedule, Year 2
Block 2
Week Structure: Outside schedule, Year 2 - Schedulegroup
-
The course time schedule will be published on Absalon 2 weeks prior to course start.
Course schedule: introductory week 13.00 - 17.00 and one day in introweek also 9-12:30, Theoretical course module 9:00-15:00. Practical course module 8:30 – 14:30. Case module 9:00 -15:00. Final course day 10:00-16:00. - Capacity
- 45 participants. Only veterinary students.
- Studyboard
- The Study Board for Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science
Contracting department
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
Contracting faculty
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
Course Coordinators
- Lene Elisabeth Buelund (3-7066794477797268326f7932686f)
- Anna Müller
(3-657a714477797268326f7932686f)
Chief responsible
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